Yes, every Brazilian citizen has to render military service. However, in times of peace, clergymen and women are exempt. Disabled people have the right to have an Exemption Certificate (CI), which must be requested in Brazil at the nearest Military Service Board. This is something to consider if your children are planning to become Brazilian citizens.

Once 18 years of age, if you are a Brazilian citizen, you need to enlist for military service or you shall be in non-compliance with your military service obligations. Penalties include not being allowed to take office as a civil servant, apply for a passport or enrol in Brazilian higher education institutions.

This rule applies even if you are a Brazilian citizen living abroad. You need to go to your local Brazilian embassy to enlist and receive the Military Draft Certificate (CAM). If you have been living abroad for more than 3 months you can then apply to be definitively discharged from service.